Zhang Zhongjing (150-219 AD), also named Zhang Ji, born in Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the reign of Emperor Han Ling, he was elected as an official, and was finally promoted to be the satrap of Changsha. Throughout his life, Zhang Zhongjing diligently learnt the lessons from the predecessors, and collected the achievements of predecessors for four generations to make the famous book Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases (with 16 volumes in total), which was later divided into two books, i.e. Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Essentials from Golden Cham-ber.

The Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases combines principles, methods, prescriptions and medicines, which is a pioneer in the treatment based on comprehensive understanding the condition of a patient. Yu Jiayan called this book: "the ancestor of all prescriptions" in the Qing Dynasty.

Zhang Zhongjing was called "Medicine Sage" by later generations, and the Treatise on Typhoid Fever and the Essentials from Golden Chamber were regarded as the scripture of medicine.